Is human behavior consistent? Across time? Across situations? Are consistent patterns of behavior evident in people that identify their "personality?" Can measures of personality traits be used to effectively predict behavior?
The PERS dataset represents a 3-week study of behaviors, relevant to two personality traits, from 90 undergraduate college students. The data were collected as part of a doctoral dissertation (see Herringer, L. G. [1987]. Personality consistency across traits, subtraits, situations, and behavior domains. Dissertation Abstracts International, 1988 Apr Vol 48[10-B] 3142-3143.) to test several hypotheses regarding the consistency of human behavior and the ability of personality traits to predict individual behaviors. Two personality traits were chosen for study, representing two major domains in human personality: Extraversion (Outgoingness) and Conscientiousness.
Trait measures were included to represent overall outgoingness and conscientiousness (personality inventories and self-ratings on relevant trait adjectives), daily levels of outgoingness and conscientiousness (self-ratings on relevant trait adjectives), and weekly levels of outgoingness and conscientiousness (self-ratings on relevant trait adjectives). Behavior measures were included to represent daily (behaviors tapping neatness, thoroughness, responsibility for conscientiousness; behaviors tapping sociability, liveliness, talkativeness for outgoingness) and weekly (assorted behaviors relevant to conscientiousness and outgoingness) time frames, and two cross-situational social contexts for each dimension (most important class versus least important class; in-person conversation versus telephone conversation).
In addition, data were taken regarding the subjective relevance of the behaviors to the traits in question, as perceived by the participants themselves. These data were included to distinguish behaviors which were considered to be strongly related to a given trait, and so could be expected to correlate well with personality measures of that trait. Data were also included regarding the participants perceptions of their variability and consistency on each trait dimension, as well as the importance of each trait to the participant.
Numerous studies during the last century have researched the consistency of individual behaviors and the ability of personality traits to predict behavior, and have repeatedly found poor consistency and poor predictability. Several explanations have been offered for these findings. The PERS dataset includes measures which allow for testing of many of these explanations, such as temporal and content aggregation of behavior, accounting for the relevance of the behavior being predicted, the effect of differences in trait variability or centrality (importance) to one's personality, the effect of situational context for the behavior, and the identification of "consistent" and 'inconsistent" individuals.
Ninety (90) of
an initial group of 94 participants completed all phases of the study, which
began with measures of overall levels of the two personality traits. These were
followed once each week for three weeks by reports of daily and weekly levels
of the personality traits, and specific daily and weekly behaviors. The datafile
has 90 cases and 968 variables.
1. VARIABLE NAME Conventions
2. CODEBOOK
VARIABLES MEASURED ONCE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE STUDY:
Demographic variables & Personality Inventories
General Trait ratings
Subjective relevance of behaviors
VARIABLES MEASURED EVERY WEEK FOR 3 CONSECUTIVE WEEKS:
Weekly Trait ratings
Daily behaviors
Weekly behaviors
Cross-situational measures
3. RECODING Suggestions for Reverse-scored Items
4. QUESTIONNAIRE
VARIABLE NAME Conventions
Prefixes W1, W2,
or W3 are added to variable names measured during a specific week.
Variables measured once, and variables that are 3-week averages, do not have
this prefix.
Variables measured
once
GO = general overall trait ratings
GC = general consistency ratings
GV = general variability ratings
GI = general importance ratings
GF = general facet ratings
SRELC = subjective
relevance of conscientiousness behaviors
SRELO = subjective relevance of outgoingness behaviors
Variables measured
each week for 3 consecutive weeks
DO = daily overall trait ratings
DCT = daily behavior: conscientiousness: thoroughness
DCN = daily behavior: conscientiousness: neatness
DCR = daily behavior: conscientiousness: responsibility
DOS = daily behavior: outgoingness: sociability
DOL = daily behavior: outgoingness: liveliness
DOT = daily behavior: outgoingness: talkativeness
WO = weekly overall
trait ratings
WBC = weekly behavior: conscientiousness
WBO = weekly behavior: outgoingness
CSM = cross-situational
measure (conscientiousness): most important class
CSL = cross-situational measure (conscientiousness): least important class
OSP = cross-situational measure (outgoingness): in-person conversation
OST = cross-situational measure (outgoingness): telephone conversation
Variables
Measured Once at the Beginning of the Study:
(These variables
appear first on the datafile in the order presented here)
DEMOGRAPHICVARIABLES
& PERSONALITY INVENTORIES:
GENDER 1=Female,
2=Male CPIRE
California Psychological Inventory--Responsibility scale GENERAL
SELF-RATINGS ON TRAIT ADJECTIVES:
(Overall
level of trait) GO9
overall outgoing (Consistency
on trait) (Variability
on trait) (Importance
of trait to the participant) (Rated
level of selected trait facets) SUBJECTIVE
RELEVANCE (PROTOTYPICALITY) RATINGS OF BEHAVIORS FOR THE TRAIT
(Conscientiousness)
(Outgoingness)
Variables
Measured Every Week for 3 Consecutive Weeks:
Four versions
of each of these variables are available in the datafile, corresponding to reports
at week #1 (e.g., W1DO1), week #2 (e.g., W2DO1), week #3 (e.g., W3DO1), and
the three-week average (e.g., DO1).
(These "3-week
average" variables appear next on the datafile in the order presented here,
followed by their corresponding measures for Week #1 in the same order, then
Week #2, then Week #3)
DAILY
TRAIT RATINGS (3-WEEK AVERAGE) DO1
conscientious today DAILY
BEHAVIORS - CONSCIENTIOUSNESS (3-WEEK AVERAGE) DCT1
pages of class notes today DAILY
BEHAVIORS - OUTGOINGNESS (3-WEEKAVERAGE) DOS1
others at breakfast today WEEKLY
TRAIT RATINGS (3-WEEK AVERAGE) WO1
conscientious: week WEEKLY
BEHAVIORS - CONSCIENTIOUSNESS (3-WEEK AVERAGE) WBC1
neglected to prepare for discussion WEEKLY
BEHAVIORS - OUTGOINGNESS (3-WEEKAVERAGE) WBO1
ate breakfast w/others CROSS-SITUATIONAL
MEASURES (3-WEEKAVERAGE) (Conscientiousness)
CSL1
least important class: percent of times attended class (Recoded; original
item = CSL1_O) (Outgoingness)
Conscientiousness
items which indicate a lack of conscientiousness:
Weekly Behaviors--Conscientiousness (WBC) Items:
WBC1, 2, 5, 9, 10, 13, 14, 17, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 34
--reverse by subtracting from 7 (e.g., 7-WBC1).
Daily Conscientiousness Behaviors:
DCR1, DCR2, DCR5
--reverse by multiplying by -1 (e.g., (-1)*DCR1).
DCR6, DCR7
--reverse by subtracting from 8 (e.g., 8-DCR6).
Cross-Situational Conscientiousness Items (CSM and CSL items):
CSM1, CSM2, CSL1, CSL2
*** These items have already been recoded,using the following algorithm
***
-- e.g., ((1-(CSM1/MOSTNUM))*6)+1
(original, unrecoded variables are available: CSM1_O, CSM2_O, CSL1_O, CSL2_O)
CSM4 and CSL4
--reverse by subtracting from 8 (e.g., 8-CSM4) Outgoingness
items which indicate a lack of outgoingness:
Weekly Behaviors--Outgoingness (WBO) Items:
WBO11, 17, 19, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28
--reverse by subtracting from 7 (e.g., 7-WBO11).
Actual questions
and scales used to measure variables:
Personality
Inventories (JPIRSY) 20-tem
Responsibility scale and (JPISPT) 20-item Social Participation scales from:
For all ratings,
select a number using the following scale as your guide:
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 A.
How would you rate yourself overall on each of these characteristics:
______ 1. conscientious ______ 9. outgoing
______17. studious
______ 2. dutiful
______10. extraverted ______18. friendly
______ 3. responsible ______11.
sociable
______ 4. dependable ______12. people-oriented
______ 5. thorough
______13. talkative
______ 6. careful
______14. vocal
______ 7. neat
______15. lively
______ 8. orderly
______16. energetic
B.
How consistent are you on these characteristics across different situations:
______ 1. conscientious ______ 9. outgoing
______17. studious
______ 2. dutiful
______10. extraverted ______18. friendly
______ 3. responsible ______11.
sociable
______ 4. dependable ______12. people-oriented
______ 5. thorough
______13. talkative
______ 6. careful
______14. vocal
______ 7. neat
______15. lively
______ 8. orderly
______16. energetic
C.
How great an effect do situations have on your behavior with regard to these
______ 1. conscientious ______ 9. outgoing
______17. studious
______ 2. dutiful
______10. extraverted ______18. friendly
______ 3. responsible ______11.
sociable
______ 4. dependable ______12. people-oriented
______ 5. thorough
______13. talkative
______ 6. careful
______14. vocal
______ 7. neat
______15. lively
______ 8. orderly
______16. energetic
D.
How important are each of these characteristics to you:
______ 1. conscientious ______ 9. outgoing
______17. studious
______ 2. dutiful
______10. extraverted ______18. friendly
______ 3. responsible ______11.
sociable
______ 4. dependable ______12. people-oriented
______ 5. thorough
______13. talkative
______ 6. careful
______14. vocal
______ 7. neat
______15. lively
______ 8. orderly
______16. energetic
E.
How responsible do you consider yourself:
a. about schoolwork ______
b. about (non-schoolwork) chores and obligations ______
F. How thorough
do you consider yourself:
a. about schoolwork ______
b. about (non-schoolwork) chores and obligations ______
G. How neat
do you consider yourself:
a. about your personal appearance ______
b. about your home ______
c. about your schoolwork ______
H.
How sociable do you consider yourself:
a. in participating and socializing ______
b. in relating to your friends ______
I. How talkative
do you consider yourself:
a. with friends when studying ______
b. with friends at lunch ______
J. How lively
do you consider yourself:
a. at social gatherings ______
b. in everyday situations ______
FOR THE PAST DAY
(24 HOURS), PLEASE RATE YOURSELF ON EACH ITEM, USING THIS SCALE:
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 ______1. conscientious,
in general
______2. responsible
and dependable, in general
______3. thorough
and careful, in general
______4. neat and
orderly, in general
______5. studious,
in general
______6. responsible
about (non-schoolwork) obligations and chores
______7. responsible
about schoolwork
______8. thorough
about schoolwork
______9. thorough
about (non-schoolwork) chores and obligations
______10. neat
about schoolwork
______11. neat
about your personal appearance
______12. neat
about the appearance of your home
______13. outgoing,
in general
______14. sociable
and people-oriented, in general
______15. talkative
and vocal, in general
______16. lively
and energetic, in general
______17. friendly,
in general
______18. sociable
in terms of participating and socializing
______19. sociable
in terms of relating to my friends
______20. talkative
with friends when studying
______21. talkative
with friends at lunch
______22. lively
with friends at social gatherings
______23. lively
with friends in everyday situations
FOR THE PAST WEEK
(7 DAYS), PLEASE RATE YOURSELF ON EACH ITEM, USING THIS SCALE:
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 ______1. conscientious,
in general
______2. responsible
and dependable, in general
______3. thorough
and careful, in general
______4. neat and
orderly, in general
______5. studious,
in general
______6. responsible
about (non-schoolwork) obligations and chores
______7. responsible
about schoolwork
______8. thorough
about schoolwork
______9. thorough
about (non-schoolwork) chores and obligations
______10. neat
about schoolwork
______11. neat
about your personal appearance
______12. neat
about the appearance of your home
______13. outgoing,
in general
______14. sociable
and people-oriented, in general
______15. talkative
and vocal, in general
______16. lively
and energetic, in general
______17. friendly,
in general
______18. sociable
in terms of participating and socializing
______19. sociable
in terms of relating to my friends
______20. talkative
with friends when studying
______21. talkative
with friends at lunch
______22. lively
with friends at social gatherings
______23. lively
with friends in everyday situations
PLEASE INDICATE
THE NUMBER OF DAYS DURING THE PAST WEEK (past 7 days) THAT YOU DID EACH OF
______1.
I neglected to prepare for an upcoming class discussion.
______2.
I took a night off from my studies.
______3.
I studied until I completed all of my work.
______4.
I took thorough notes on course readings.
______5.
I let dirty dishes stack up for more than a day.
______6.
I answered a personal letter promptly.
______7.
When I hadn't completed an assignment by the morning on which it was due, I
got ______8.
I double-checked my class assignments for typing or spelling errors.
______9. I left
my bed unmade.
______10. I forgot
to return something which I had borrowed from a friend.
______11. I studied
in the library.
______12. I attended
a study session in preparation for a test.
______13. I forgot
to acknowledge the birthday of a member of my family or of a friend.
______14. I left
my possessions lying around where they might have been stolen (e.g., I
______15. I took
thorough notes on course lectures.
______16. I completed
all my reading assignments for a class.
______17. I was
late to a lecture.
______18. I cleaned
my desk.
______19. I spent
more than 3 hours studying for class.
______20. I maintained
contact with an old friend.
______21. I cleaned
my room.
______22. I tried
to help a friend with a daily task or problem.
______23. On an
evening before an exam, I spent over 4 hours studying.
______24. I forgot
to fulfill a small promise that I had made.
______25. I got
my normal amount of sleep, rather than studying more.
______26. I put
off an unpleasant but necessary task.
______27. I wrote
a class assignment quickly at the expense of thoroughness.
______28. I cut
a class.
______29. I kept
a library book past the due date.
______30. I began
preparing for an exam on the night before I had to take it.
______31. I was
punctual when people were waiting.
______32. I was
careful about my manner of dress.
______33. I payed
back money that I had borrowed from a friend.
______34. I handed
in an assignment late.
______35. I spent
time keeping my personal possessions (e.g., stereo, bicycle) in top ______36. I did
work for a class that wasn't required to be handed in (practice problems, study
______37. I completed
my assigned reading for a class very thoroughly.
______38. I postponed
a chore or (non-schoolwork) obligation so I could do it more ______39. I took
very neat lecture notes.
______40. I used
my time during the day between classes to study.
PLEASE INDICATE
THE NUMBER OF DAYS DURING THE PAST WEEK (past 7 days) THAT YOU DID EACH OF
______1.
I ate breakfast with other people.
______2.
I introduced people to each other in a group.
______3.
I conversed with friends when I should have been studying.
______4.
I went to the Barn, Pub, Bull & Mouth, or a similar place with friends.
______5.
I spent time socializing with new people at a party/gathering.
______6.
I chatted with acquaintances when I was going to and leaving classes.
______7.
I chatted with others during my spare time.
______8.
I contributed my views when I was in a group of strangers.
______9.
I engaged in a long conversation with a close friend.
______10. I went
out of my way to talk to someone new.
______11. I had
difficulty making conversation with someone I'd just met.
______12. I contacted
a causal acquaintance when in their area.
______13. I spoke
out in a large class when not called upon.
______14. I spoke
out in a seminar or a small class when not called upon.
______15. I struck
up a conversation with someone I didn't know very well while waiting
______16. I spent
a half hour or more talking with my friends.
______17. I refused
an offer to eat with friends.
______18. I talked
with friends during and after meals.
______19. I "went
along" rather than made suggestions in a group of friends.
______20. I participated
in sports which involved other people.
______21. I was
quiet when I was with a small group of friends.
______22. I introduced
myself to someone that I didn't know very well.
______23. I turned
down the opportunity to participate in non-athletic leisure games ______24. I passed
someone I knew without greeting them.
______25. When
in a store, I struck up a conversation with a salesclerk.
______26. I refused
an offer to a party.
______27. I selected
a solitary rather than a social activity for myself.
______28. When
I attended a movie, I went alone.
______29. I chatted
with fellow students in a small class.
______30. I chatted
with fellow students in a large class.
______31. I socialized
in the library when I was there to study.
______32. I ate
lunch with other people.
______33. I ate
dinner with other people.
______34. I smiled
at someone I didn't know very well.
______35. I said
hello to someone that I didn't know very well.
______36. I socialized
with friends at someone's house or an informal location.
______37. I met
with friends to study.
______38. I went
on a date.
______39. I spent
time with my boyfriend or girlfriend.
______40. I initiated
contact, a meeting, or an activity with friends.
______41. I danced
with friends.
______42. I engaged
in some physical exercise or activity.
______43. I went
out for dinner with another person.
PLEASE ANSWER EACH
OF THE FOLLOWING AS THEY APPLY TO TODAY ONLY: Schoolwork:
1. How many
pages of notes for your classes did you write today?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 2. How thorough
were your class notes today?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 (Non-schoolwork)
Chores and Obligations:
3. How much
time did you spend today on (non-schoolwork) chores and obligations?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 Daily Behaviors:
Conscientiousness (Neatness)
PLEASE ANSWER EACH
OF THE FOLLOWING AS THEY APPLY TO TODAY ONLY: Personal Appearance:
1. How much
time did you spend on your personal appearance today?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 Home Appearance:
2. How much
time did you spend on the neatness of your room or home today?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 Schoolwork:
3. How neat
were your class notes today?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 Daily Behaviors:
Conscientiousness (Responsibility)
PLEASE ANSWER EACH
OF THE FOLLOWING AS THEY APPLY TO TODAY ONLY: Schoolwork
1. How many classes
did you miss today?__________
2. How many classes
were you late to today?__________
3. How well-prepared
for your classes were you today?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7
4. How attentive
were you in your classes today?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7
Chores and Obligations
5. How many
times did you cancel or fail to attend scheduled appointments, events, or
__________
6. How often
were you late to scheduled appointments, events, or meetings with friends
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 7. How much
did you put off chores and obligations today?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7
PLEASE ANSWER EACH
OF THE FOLLOWING AS THEY APPLY TO TODAY ONLY: Social contact:
1. How many other
people did you eat breakfast with today?_________
2. How many other
people did you eat lunch with today?_________
3. How many other
people did you eat dinner with today?_________
Interpersonal Sociability:
4. How often
today did you greet or acknowledge acquaintances that you saw or passed by?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 5. How often
today did you stop and socialize with friends who greeted you?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 6. How often
today did you smile at other people?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 7. How much
today did you seek out other people because you wanted to be around them?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 8. How much
today did you enjoy seeing and being with other people?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 Daily Behaviors:
Outgoingness (Liveliness)
PLEASE ANSWER EACH
OF THE FOLLOWING AS THEY APPLY TO TODAY ONLY: Liveliness with
others:
1. How much
today did you gesture and move around, compared to other people that you were
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 2. How often
today did you touch someone during a conversation?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 3. How often
today did you touch someone while greeting them?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 General activity
level:
4. How often
today did you shout or excitedly gesture?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 5. How much
energy did you have today, in general?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 Daily Behaviors:
Outgoingness (Talkativeness)
PLEASE ANSWER EACH
OF THE FOLLOWING AS THEY APPLY TO TODAY ONLY: 1. How fast
did you talk today?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 2. How much
did you talk today?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 3. How often
today did you initiate a conversation, or initiate the topic of
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 4. How often
during conversations today did you change the topic or mention things which
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 5. How loud
did you talk today?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7
A. Which
of your classes this quarter is most important to you?
Class_______________
When it meets (include lecture, lab, discussion, etc.):
______________________________________________________
-----ANSWER EACH
OF THE FOLLOWING AS THEY APPLY TO THE CLASS YOU LISTED ABOVE-----
1. How many
times last week did you miss this class (lecture, lab, discussion)? 2. How many
times last week were you late to class when you did attend? 3. How much
did you ask questions or participate in discussions in this class last week?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 4. How much
did you put off studying and working on assignments for this class last week?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 5. How important
to you was your work in this class last week?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 6. How much
did you enjoy this class last week?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 B. Which
of your classes this quarter is least important to you?
Class_______________
When it meets (include lecture, lab, discussion, etc.):
______________________________________________________
-----ANSWER EACH
OF THE FOLLOWING AS THEY APPLY TO THE CLASS YOU LISTED ABOVE-----
1. How many
times last week did you miss this class (lecture, lab, discussion)? 2. How often
last week were you late to class when you did attend? 3. How much
did you ask questions or participate in discussions in this class last week?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 4. How much
did you put off studying and working on assignments for this class last week?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 5. How important
to you was your work in this class last week?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 6. How much
did you enjoy this class last week?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 A. Think
about the most recent time in the past week (perhaps today or yesterday) that
Location:____________________
# of other people_________ Day_______________
Topic or purpose
of conversation________________________________________________
-----ANSWER EACH
OF THE FOLLOWING AS THEY APPLY TO THIS SITUATION (ABOVE)-----
1. How fast
did you talk?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 2. How much
did you talk?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 3. How often
when you were in this situation did you initiate
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 4. How often
did you mention things which were incidental to the conversation, or change
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 5. How loud
did you talk?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 6. How much do
you feel you had to control your talking in this situation?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 B. Think
about the most recent time in the past week (perhaps today or yesterday) that
Location:____________________
# of other people_________ Day_______________
Topic or purpose
of conversation________________________________________________
-----ANSWER EACH
OF THE FOLLOWING AS THEY APPLY TO THIS SITUATION (ABOVE)-----
1. How fast
did you talk?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 2. How much
did you talk?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 3. How often
when you were in this situation did you initiate
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 4. How often
did you mention things which were incidental to the conversation, or change
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 5. How loud
did you talk?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7 6. How much do
you feel you had to control your talking in this situation?
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7
Rate each of the
following with a number from the following scale:
1----------2----------3----------4----------5----------6----------7
AGE actual age
ETHNIC 1="Anglo," 2="Asian," 3="Black," 4="Hispanic," 5="Other"
CPISY California Psychological Inventory--Sociability
scale
JPIRSY Jackson Personality Inventory-Responsibility
scale
JPISPT Jackson Personality Inventory-Social Participation
scale
GO1 overall conscientious
GO2 overall serious
GO3 overall responsible
GO4 overall dependable
GO5 overall thorough
GO6 overall careful
GO7 overall neat
GO8 overall orderly
GOCON average of conscientious and serious
GORES average of responsible and dependable
GOTHR average of thorough and careful
GONET average of neat and orderly
GOCRTN average of all 8 adjectives
GO10 overall extraverted
GO11 overall sociable
GO12 overall people-oriented
GO13 overall talkative
GO14 overall vocal
GO15 overall lively
GO16 overall energetic
GO17 overall studious
GO18 overall friendly
GOOUT average of outgoing and extraverted
GOSOC average of sociable and people-oriented
GOTLK average of talkative and vocal
GOLIV average of lively and energetic
GOOSTL average of all 8 adjectives
GC1 consistency of conscientious
GC2 consistency of serious
GC3 consistency of responsible
GC4 consistency of dependable
GC5 consistency of thorough
GC6 consistency of careful
GC7 consistency of neat
GC8 consistency of orderly
GC9 consistency of outgoing
GC10 consistency of extraverted
GC11 consistency of sociable
GC12 consistency of people-oriented
GC13 consistency of talkative
GC14 consistency of vocal
GC15 consistency of lively
GC16 consistency of energetic
GC17 consistency of studious
GC18 consistency of friendly
GV1 variability of conscientious
GV2 variability of serious
GV3 variability of responsible
GV4 variability of dependable
GV5 variability of thorough
GV6 variability of careful
GV7 variability of neat
GV8 variability of orderly
GV9 variability of outgoing
GV10 variability of extraverted
GV11 variability of sociable
GV12 variability of people-oriented
GV13 variability of talkative
GV14 variability of vocal
GV15 variability of lively
GV16 variability of energetic
GV17 variability of studious
GV18 variability of friendly
GI1 importance of conscientious
GI2 importance of serious
GI3 importance of responsible
GI4 importance of dependable
GI5 importance of thorough
GI6 importance of careful
GI7 importance of neat
GI8 importance of orderly
GI9 importance of outgoing
GI10 importance of extraverted
GI11 importance of sociable
GI12 importance of people-oriented
GI13 importance of talkative
GI14 importance of vocal
GI15 importance of lively
GI16 importance of energetic
GI17 importance of studious
GI18 importance of friendly
GF1 responsible--schoolwork
GF2 responsible--chores
GF3 thorough--schoolwork
GF4 thorough--chores
GF5 neat--appearance
GF6 neat--home
GF7 neat--schoolwork
GF8 sociable--participating & socializing
GF9 sociable--interaction with friends
GF10 talkative--on campus
GF11 talkative--off campus
GF12 lively--social gatherings
GF13 lively--everday situaitons
GF14 lively--general activity level
SRELC1 preparing for discussion
SRELC2 studying every night
SRELC3 studied until completing all work
SRELC4 took thorough notes on readings
SRELC5 dirty dishes left beyond 1 day
SRELC6 answered personal letter promptly
SRELC7 woke early to work on school
SRELC8 double-checked assignments for errors
SRELC9 left bed unmade
SRELC10 forgot to return borrowed item
SRELC11 studied in library
SRELC12 attended study session
SRELC13 forgot someones birthday
SRELC14 left possessions lying around
SRELC15 took thorough notes on lectures
SRELC16 completed all reading for a class
SRELC17 arrived late to a lecture
SRELC18 cleaned my desk
SRELC19 spent beyond 3 hrs studying for 1 class
SRELC20 maintained contact w/old friend
SRELC21 cleaned my room
SRELC22 helped friend w/daily task or problem
SRELC23 spent beyond 4 hrs studying for exam
SRELC24 forgot to fulfill promise
SRELC25 slept normal amt, rather than study more
SRELC26 put off an unpleasant but necessary task
SRELC27 assignment done quickly, not thoroughly
SRELC28 cut a class
SRELC29 kept library book past due
SRELC30 began studying for exam on night before
SRELC31 was punctual when people were waiting
SRELC32 was careful about manner of dress
SRELC33 repaid money borrowed from friend
SRELC34 handed in assignment late
SRELC35 maintained condition of possessions
SRELC36 did extra work for class
SRELC37 completed readings very thoroughly
SRELC38 postponed chore to do more thoroughly
SRELC39 took neat lecture notes
SRELC40 used time btwn classes to study
SRELC41 taking lots of lecture notes
SRELC42 doing chores thoroughly
SRELC43 spending time on appearance
SRELC44 being neat in appearance
SRELC45 keeping room neat
SRELC46 taking neat class notes
SRELC47 being well-prepared for class
SRELC48 being attentive in class
SRELC49 keeping appointments w/friends
SRELC50 punctuality to appoint w/friends
SRELC51 doing chores promptly
SRELC52 participating in class
SRELC53 promptly doing assignments
SRELO1 ate breakfast w/others
SRELO2 introduced people in a group
SRELO3 conversed instead of studying
SRELO4 went to pub, barn, bull, etc.
SRELO5 socialized with new people at party
SRELO6 chatted w/acquaintances btwn classes
SRELO7 chatted w/others in spare time
SRELO8 stated opinions to strangers
SRELO9 had long conversation w/close friend
SRELO10 went out of way to talk to stranger
SRELO11 difficulty talking to new person
SRELO12 contacted acquaintance when nearby
SRELO13 spoke out in a large class
SRELO14 spoke out in a small class
SRELO15 started conversation w/stranger
SRELO16 talked at least half hour w/friends
SRELO17 refused offer to eat w/friends
SRELO18 talked w/friends over meals
SRELO19 withheld objections in a group
SRELO20 participated in a social sport
SRELO21 was quiet in a small group
SRELO22 introduced self to stranger
SRELO23 declined offer of leisure activity
SRELO24 passed acquaintance w/out greeting
SRELO25 started conversation w/salesclerk
SRELO26 refused offer to a party
SRELO27 opted solitary, not social, activity
SRELO28 went to a movie alone
SRELO29 chatted w/students in small class
SRELO30 chatted w/students in large class
SRELO31 socialized in library
SRELO32 ate lunch w/others
SRELO33 ate dinner w/others
SRELO34 smiled at stranger
SRELO35 said hello to stranger
SRELO36 socialized w/friends at informal place
SRELO37 met w/friends to study
SRELO38 went on a date
SRELO39 spent time w/boy(girl)friend
SRELO40 initiated activity w/friends
SRELO41 danced w/friends
SRELO42 engaged in physical activity
SRELO43 went to dinner w/other
SRELO44 greeting acquaintances passing by
SRELO45 stop & socialize w/friends
SRELO46 smiling at others
SRELO47 seeking out company
SRELO48 enjoying company of others
SRELO49 gesturing & moving around
SRELO50 shouting/excitedly gesturing
SRELO51 touching in conversations
SRELO52 touching in greetings
SRELO53 being energetic
SRELO54 talking fast
SRELO55 talking a lot
SRELO56 initiating conversation topics
SRELO57 changing conversation topics
SRELO58 talking loudly
(e.g., DO1 is the average of W1DO1, W2DO1, W3DO1)
DO2 responsible/dependable today
DO3 thorough/careful today
DO4 neat/orderly today
DO5 studious today
DO6 responsible--chores today
DO7 responsible--schoolwork today
DO8 thorough--schoolwork today
DO9 thorough--chores today
DO10 neat--schoolwork today
DO11 neat--appearance today
DO12 neat--home today
DO13 outgoing today
DO14 sociable/people-oriented today
DO15 talkative/vocal today
DO16 lively/energetic today
DO17 friendly today
DO18 sociable--being with others today
DO19 socialble--interaction w/friends today
DO20 talkative--on campus today
DO21 talkative--off campus today
DO22 lively--general activity level today
DO23 lively--interaction style today
(e.g., DCT1 is the average of W1DCT1, W2DCT1, W3DCT1)
DCT2 thoroughness of class notes today
DCT3 time spent on chores today
DCN1 time spent on appearance today
DCN2 time spent on home neatness today
DCN3 neatness of class notes today
DCR1 number of classes missed today
DCR2 number of classes late today
DCR3 preparation for class today
DCR4 attentiveness in class today
DCR5 cancel meetings/appointments today
DCR6 late to meetings/appointments today
DCR7 put-off chores/obligations today
(e.g., DOS1 is the average of W1DOS1, W2DOS1, W3DOS1)
DOS2 others at lunch today
DOS3 others at dinner today
DOS4 greetings of acquaintances today
DOS5 socializing with friends today
DOS6 smiling at others today
DOS7 seek out others today
DOS8 enjoyment of others today
DOL1 relative gesturing/movement today
DOL2 touch in conversation today
DOL3 touch in greetings today
DOL4 shouting/excited gesturing today
DOL5 general energy level today
DOT1 speed of talking today
DOT2 amount of talking today
DOT3 initiation of converstations today
DOT4 topic control in conversation today
DOT5 loudness of talking today
(e.g., WO1 is the average of W1WO1, W2WO1, W3WO1)
WO2 responsible/dependable: week
WO3 thorough/careful: week
WO4 neat/orderly: week
WO5 studious: week
WO6 responsible--chores: week
WO7 responsible--schoolwork: week
WO8 thorough--schoolwork: week
WO9 thorough--chores: week
WO10 neat--schoolwork: week
WO11 neat--appearance: week
WO12 neat--home: week
WO13 outgoing: week
WO14 sociable/people-oriented: week
WO15 talkative/vocal: week
WO16 lively/energetic: week
WO17 friendly: week
WO18 sociable--being with others: week
WO19 socialble--interaction w/friends: week
WO20 talkative--on campus: week
WO21 talkative--off campus: week
WO22 lively--general activity level: week
WO23 lively--interaction style: week
(e.g., WBC1 is the average of W1WBC1, W2WBC1, W3WBC1)
WBC2 took night off from studies
WBC3 studied until completing all work
WBC4 took thorough notes on readings
WBC5 dirty dishes left beyond 1 day
WBC6 answered personal letter promptly
WBC7 woke early to work on school
WBC8 double-checked assignments for errors
WBC9 bed left unmade
WBC10 forgot to return borrowed item
WBC11 studied in library
WBC12 attended study session
WBC13 forgot someones birthday
WBC14 left possessions lying around
WBC15 took thorough notes on lectures
WBC16 completed all reading for a class
WBC17 arrived late to a lecture
WBC18 cleaned my desk
WBC19 spent beyond 3 hrs studying for 1 class
WBC20 maintained contact w/old friend
WBC21 cleaned my room
WBC22 helped friend w/daily task or problem
WBC23 spent beyond 4 hrs studying for exam
WBC24 forgot to fulfill promise
WBC25 chose sleeping over studying
WBC26 put off an unpleasant but necessary task
WBC27 assignment done quickly, not thoroughly
WBC28 cut a class
WBC29 kept library book past due
WBC30 began studying for exam on night before
WBC31 was punctual when people were waiting
WBC32 was careful about manner of dress
WBC33 repaid money borrowed from friend
WBC34 handed in assignment late
WBC35 maintained condition of possessions
WBC36 did extra work for class
WBC37 completed readings very thoroughly
WBC38 postponed chore to do more thoroughly
WBC39 took neat lecture notes
WBC40 used time btwn classes to study
(e.g., WBO1 is the average of W1WBO1, W2WBO1, W3WBO1)
WBO2 introduced people in a group
WBO3 conversed instead of studying
WBO4 went to the pub, barn, bull, etc.
WBO5 socialized with new people at party
WBO6 chatted w/acquaintances btwn classes
WBO7 chatted w/others in spare time
WBO8 stated opinions to strangers
WBO9 had long conversation w/close friend
WBO10 went out of way to talk to stranger
WBO11 difficulty talking to new person
WBO12 contacted acquaintance when nearby
WBO13 spoke out in a large class
WBO14 spoke out in a small class
WBO15 started conversation w/stranger
WBO16 talked at least half hour w/friends
WBO17 refused offer to eat w/friends
WBO18 talked w/friends over meals
WBO19 withheld objections in a group
WBO20 participated in a social sport
WBO21 was quiet in a small group
WBO22 introduced self to stranger
WBO23 declined offer of leisure activity
WBO24 passed acquaintance w/out greeting
WBO25 started conversation w/salesclerk
WBO26 refused offer to a party
WBO27 opted solitary, not social, activity
WBO28 went to a movie alone
WBO29 chatted w/students in small class
WBO30 chatted w/students in large class
WBO31 socialized in library
WBO32 ate lunch w/others
WBO33 ate dinner w/others
WBO34 smiled at stranger
WBO35 said hello to stranger
WBO36 socialized w/friends at informal place
WBO37 met w/friends to study
WBO38 went on a date
WBO39 spent time w/boy(girl)friend
WBO40 initiated activity w/friends
WBO41 danced w/friends
WBO42 engaged in physical activity
WBO43 went to dinner w/other
(e.g., CSM1 is the average of W1CSM1, W2CSM1, W3CSM1)
CSM1 most important class: percent of times attended
class (Recoded; original item = CSM1_O)
CSM2 most important class: percent of times on time
to class (Recoded; original item = CSM2_O)
CSM3 most important class: class participation
CSM4 most important class: put off studying and work
CSM5 most important class: importance of class work
CSM6 most important class: enjoyment of class
MOSTNUM number of times per week most important class meets
CSM1_O (original item) number of times missed most important
class this week
CSM2_O (original item) number of times late to most
important class this week
CSL2 least important class: percent of times on
time to class (Recoded; original item = CSL2_O)
CSL3 least important class: class participation
CSL4 least important class: put off studying and
work
CSL5 least important class: importance of class
work
CSL6 least important class: enjoyment of class.
LEASTNUM number of times per week least important class meets
CSL1_O (original item) number of times missed least
important class this week
CSL2_O (original item) number of times late to least
important class this week
OSP1 in-person conversation: speed of talking
OSP2 in-person conversation: amount of talking
OSP3 in-person conversation: initiation of conversation/topic
OSP4 in-person conversation: change topic/incidental
topics
OSP5 in-person conversation: loudness of talking
OSP6 in-person conversation: situational control of
talking
OST1 telephone conversation: speed of talking
OST2 telephone conversation: amount of talking
OST3 telephone conversation: initiation of conversation/topic
OST4 telephone conversation: change topic/incidental
topics
OST5 telephone conversation: loudness of talking
OST6 telephone conversation: situational control of
talking.
-- (1) divided
by the number of times the specified class met (use MOSTNUM or LEASTNUM)
(2) subtracted the above proportion from 1
(3) multiplied the proportion from (2) by 6
(4) added 1, making the scale 1 to 7 in the correct direction
-- (note:
1=0%, 2=16.7%, 3=33.3%, 4=50%, 5=66.7%, 6=83.3%, 7=100%)
(CPIRE) 42-item Responsibility scale and (CPISY) 36-item Sociability scales
from:
Gough (1957). Manual for the California Psychological
Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Jackson, D. N. (1976). Jackson Personality Inventory
Manual. Goshen, NY: Research Psychologists Press.
(very little)
(very much)
characteristics:
(very little)
(very much)
Weekly Trait Ratings
(very little)
(very much)
THE FOLLOWING: (MINIMUM=0, MAXIMUM=7)
up early to complete it.
left my bicycle unlocked).
condition.
guide exercises, etc.).
thoroughly later.
THE FOLLOWING: (MINIMUM=0, MAXIMUM=7)
for something.
(e.g., cards, backgammon) which involved other persons.
(or most recent day that applies, if today is not applicable)
(very few)
(very many)
(not thorough)
(very thorough)
(not much)
(very much)
(or most recent day that applies, if today is not applicable)
(not much)
(very much)
(not much)
(very much)
(not neat)
(very neat)
(or most recent day that applies, if today is not applicable)
(not prepared)
(well prepared)
(not attentive)
(very attentive)
meetings with friends today?
today?
(never)
(always)
(very little)
(very much)
(or most recent day that applies, if today is not applicable)
(never)
(always)
(never)
(always)
(never)
(always)
(not much)
(very much)
(not much)
(very much)
(or most recent day that applies, if today is not applicable)
with?
(not much)
(very much)
(never)
(very often)
(never)
(very often)
(never)
(very often)
(not much)
(very much)
(or most recent day that applies, if today is not applicable)
(very slow)
(very fast)
(very little)
(very much)
conversation?
(not often)
(very often)
were incidental to the topic?
(not often)
(very often)
(very quiet)
(very loud)
__________
__________
(very little)
(very much)
(very little)
(very much)
(not important)
(very important)
(not much)
(very much)
__________
__________
(very little)
(very much)
(very little)
(very much)
(not important)
(very important)
(not much)
(very much)
you were on campus and had a face-to-face conversation
with a friend:
(very slow)
(very fast)
(very little)
(very much)
the conversation, or initiate the topic(s) of conversation?
(not often)
(very often)
the topic?
(not often)
(very often)
(very quiet)
(very loud)
(not much)
(very much)
you were off campus and had a telephone conversation
with a friend:
(very slow)
(very fast)
(very little)
(very much)
the conversation, or initiate the topic(s) of conversation?
(not often)
(very often)
the topic?
(not often)
(very often)
(very quiet)
(very loud)
(not much)
(very much)
(not relevant
(very relevant
or important)
and important)
